Paul Cézanne (1839 - 1906), a revolutionary artist often found outside of traditional circles, pursued his investigation of form, color, and pictorial structure with an intensity that bordered on the monastic. Born in Aix-en-Provence in 1839, he had an uneasy relationship with the Impressionists whose exhibitions he occasionally joined. His influence on twentieth-century painting is almost incalculable: he is the father of Cubism, the godfather of Fauvism, and the figure from whom nearly every significant modernist claimed descent.

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